Tan Tui Openings

Those of you who have been around OpenSource Wushu for a while know that we spend a great deal of time on Tan Tui, a Longfist style which is sometimes known as the "essence of the northern fists."  In class it is typical for us to spend perhaps as much as half an hour a night working on 5 lines both to train stance and technique, but also to work on application.  What shows up in the Tan Tui lines, also shows up in many of our other forms - so they provide excellent examples of basics.  However, many folks dismiss Tan Tui as being irrelevant for application, having misinterpreted a number of the movements.  I commonly hear things like: "I would never swing my arms that way when attacking someone."  My response is to remind everyone that Chinese martial arts focuses not just on hitting and kicking, but also on throwing and locking.  Many of the movements in Tan Tui presume that you have already closed with your opponent, and as such, the swinging arms are training to throw them after you have, say, caught their leg.  But this post will not focus on that.  I'm probably going to hold off on applications posts for a while considering that applications of forms are done best with partners, and due to social distancing considerations, we should probably be avoiding partner drills.

Back to Basics

So you're stuck at home with nothing to do.  You've read all your books, and for some reason haven't downloaded the Kindle app.  Then practicing some of your kungfu basics is just the thing.  The problem is that you are likely to have space limitations, so full forms are probably not going to cut it.  What to do?  What is most important to practice?  Here's a first take at what to do to keep in shape whilst also working on technique.

Remember that it's better to do a little everyday since this will aid your conditioning, help you with your muscle memory, and ultimately perfecting your basics will have a payoff in your forms and application work.

All the best, and stay healthy,
Sifu Tim

Critical Distance

Seeking critical distance can require some fancy footwork.

In Chinese martial arts, we sometimes refer to the range at which our opponent can reach us as critical distance.  At the surface, it's pretty simple - if you stay far enough away from your opponent, they will be unable to hit you.  But the idea becomes more complicated when your opponent closes in.  Your opponent may have critical distance with their leg, but not with their hands.  Or, if you are really close together, the legs may be unable to reach their targets, but the hands can.  As you become more experienced in sparring, you learn how to evaluate critical distance and where the potential threats can come from.

School Closings

In my last post, I noted that we would be closing OSW for the time being in order to help everyone maintain social distancing.  While this does seem to be the gold standard for the prevention of communicable disease, there is some mixed messaging out there.  Yesterday, I received an email from one of our kids' schools which included the following:

"The Chester County Health Department (CCHD) is not currently recommending that schools or organizations preemptively close as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. The reason they are not recommending school closures at this time is because:

• Children have not been shown to be a high risk group for serious illness from this virus. As much as possible, children should be allowed to carry on with their education and normal activities. 
• Closing schools may not be effective because some children may congregate anyway at other locations therefore not reducing risk. 
• Closing schools may result in children staying home with alternative caregivers, such as elders, who are more vulnerable."

I want to address this point by point, while first acknowledging that the CCHD is trying to do its best at keeping people safe, and is doing so at a time of uncertainty about how COVID-19 spreads, its case fatality rate, and how bad it could be.

Kungfu Pandemic

In my other life, I write academic papers.  Usually, they have to do with clinical biomechanics; occasionally, the topic is growth curves; and once in a very long while, they might actually have something to do with martial arts.  I haven't written one of those martial arts papers in a while.  More and more often regardless of the topic, they involve the use of some pretty fancy statistical analyses. In this other life I tend to rub elbows with doctors of all sorts, and at times, I even have ventured into the area of public health.

In so doing, I've encountered all manners of models that describe how things work.  We've made mathematical models of how people grow, how gun violence propagates, and even how people walk.  So in a number of ways, I'm no stranger to how epidemiology works.  In fact, I often take an active professional interest in what people are doing to model data and better understand how the world around us works.  More on this below the fold.

Life after Hip Repair

This post has been a long time coming, not because I haven't been practicing or teaching, but because I've been out of time. When I'm not teaching martial arts, I am teaching physics, or doing research in clinical orthopedics, or spending time with my family, especially as the kids are getting older.

My surgery took place on November 21, 2013 at an outpatient center. My surgeon, Victor Kalman was fantastic. I went in with my wife, Meg, was prepped within 20 minutes, and within another 10-15 minutes was wheeled into the OR. I met the staff, climbed onto the table, and about an hour and a half later (my memory is fuzzy), woke up in recovery with two band aids on my hip. They had repaired the loose bit, and micro-abraided the articular surface of the acetabulum to help form a replacement layer of cartilage.

Meg drove me home shortly thereafter. The pain was not unbearable over the next week: I took a couple extra strength tylenol twice daily for about seven days. In fact the worst day of recovery was one week later during Thanksgiving dinner when well-meaning souls kept insisting that they could help me move my leg. I was back in at Penn State Brandywine teaching physics from crutches about 10 days after surgery (yes I drove), and directing kungfu and taijiquan classes the same week. I did PT three times a week for the next 8 weeks, and was back to very basic martial arts at the start of January. Bandwork and clamshells became my favorite exercises. I did a load of walking and cycling to normalize my gait. Were I to do it over again, I would have stayed on crutches a few more days until my gait was more normal.

In any event, from January, it took something like two or three months before I felt like I was 80%. In the next video (Yi Lu Mai Fu - July 30, 2014) you can see that I have most of my range of motion back. However, there's some hesitation in the movements.

By October 15, 2014, I'm feeling probably 97%, but there are still some hitches in my movement. Here's Lian Huan Tui from that time.

The last 3% came hard. Running felt better than before the surgery, but I couldn't do more than three miles without the left hip or right knee hurting. Something was still not right. Finally, over the last year, I started doing elliptical motion machines almost daily including on running days. Things seemed to gel, and everything seemed more aligned than previously. I could do distance again (which for me, these days is about 5-6 miles). Jumping seemed not just easier, but I felt like I didn't have to pay the piper the next day.

Here's Yi Lu Mai Fu again more recently (May 14, 2016). You can tell there is little hesitation, the motion is smoother and stronger.

My hip sometimes bothers me still. If I don't stretch the iliopsoas daily, I can feel it. But I would definitely go back and do the surgery again if given a choice.

Thoughts on martial arts injuries pre labral repair

For the last several years, I've had some on-again off-again low back pain variously diagnosed as sacral-iliac (SI) instability, or lumbo-sacral (LS) instability.  So every year I go into PT for a few weeks, straighten things out and go on with life.  This time, it was pretty clear there was a deeper root cause, and a couple of months ago, I was diagnosed with a labral tear of the left hip. By this point, everyone involved (PTs, doctors, etc) realized that the tear had been the cause of the other symptoms and that something more than physical therapy was needed to straighten things out.  An arthrogram MRI and orthopedic consult later, I was scheduled for surgery to repair the tear.

Figure 1: Looking up the leg.  The tear is the thin disconnected section on the lower left of the hip joint.

How common is this injury among athletes?  Fairly common, although it's difficult to get percentages.  Athletes who are involves in martial arts, running, dance, gymnastics, and yoga are often at risk for such injuries.  What's in common?  Either an extreme range of motion or a repetitive range of motion.  The thigh bone may then contact the outer portion of the acetabulum (hip joint socket) and create either a cam or pincer lesion which then saws through the labral cartilage.  This, in turn, destabilizes the hip and causes lower back issues.

Chinese Wushu and other martial arts are known to promote longevity due to the physical conditioning of the body, yet many participants often have to leave off practice as they get older because of injuries suffered during practice.  The two ideas are a bit hard to reconcile.  How is it that something that is so good for you can also be so bad?

An answer that we sometimes tell students is that you'll only get hurt if you're doing it wrong.  This should be rephrased to: "you'll only get hurt if you are doing it wrong for you."  In this age of large commercial schools, and competitions with compulsory type forms, we often try to bang students into a specific mold rather than finding the variation of our martial art that works for the student.  We also don't always recognize that at the extremes of competition, we place a great deal of stress on the body and it is very easy to get injured.  I remember an old wushu friend of mine, Bobby DeSario, telling me that when he visited Beijing, he noticed that many of the competitive athletes were favoring one leg or had a shin wrapped.  Even Jet Li has had a bad injury from wushu.  According to his official site (jetli.com), he tore his ACL during a split landing from a tornado kick. 

Figure 2: Not Jet Li, but the landing he should have had.  This position can exacerbate labral tears, if you've managed to get yourself one.

No doubt that some of the thrill of watching Chinese martial arts comes from the amazing things the players can do without being injured.  It's not so fascinating to watch punching when you can see someone do a butterfly twist into a split.  But you don't get something for nothing.  The more spectacular the move, the greater the risk, and the more chance you have for ending your career early.

So what is a coach to do?  Do you teach your students the fancy stuff but tell them to be really careful?  Or do you take the other extreme and tell students to stick with the traditional stuff: don't do particularly low stances, and limit jumping?  My thinking is that you take the middle road. 

1. Teach basics bilaterally including jumping.  This will keep the body more symmetrical and limit progressive instabilities in the musculature.  Knowing techniques on both sides might also be useful from a martial arts viewpoint...
2. Use the usual principals of progression in training.  If a student isn't strong enough or flexible enough, don't let them do the activity.
3. Teach students how to listen to their bodies.  Do reinforce the idea that they are not immortal, and a bit of down time now may save them a lot of down time later.
4. Log and limit high stress techniques (tornado kicks, splits, lotus kicks, twists, aerials...).
5. Despite your best efforts, a student may not be able to do a motion in a certain way due to physical limitations.  Some people (for example) have an acetabulum that will not allow for a split.  Present your students with sane alternatives to the flashier movement.

Point 4 is probably really controversial in wushu circles, partially because of the ("if you do it right you won't be hurt" mentality).  However, pitchers at the upper levels (high school, college, minor leagues, major leagues) all log the number of pitches they do.  In fact, they even do this logging in little league, and the results are pretty clear: "The risk factor with the strongest correlation to injury is pitching." (Fleisig & Andrews, Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):419-24.)  This study does support the idea that there is a right way and a wrong way to pitch.

Considering the numbers of high kicks, and impact loading due to landings from jumps that occur in  our sport, not logging activities is asking for trouble.  Even when done correctly, repetitive loading on a joint or structure can cause problems. For my own part, I have not logged my own practice, although as I've gotten older, I've been better at listening to my own body.  I don't jump so much as I used to (and right now, not at all), and when I do jump, I do the bare minimum.  How then did my labral tear occur?  It's a good question.  I'm in a couple of the aforementioned risk groups.  It could be repetitive motion.  I also have had a number of groin injuries in the past.  These can temporarily (or permanently!) reset pelvic tilt and pre-dispose you to a labral tear.

In any event, I'm now looking forward to hip surgery in two days so that I can run, jump, and kick high again, just not in the near term.  Recovery will take 8 weeks to full return to activity, subject to not overdoing it after the break.  In the meantime, I'm looking forward to figuring out my crutches to determine the most efficient ways to move without stressing the hip (Crutch-fu).  And I'm looking forward to learning how to better coach from the sidelines while I'm recovering.  See you on the other side.